China+and+Japan+(1008-1014)+2

=__** China and Japan (1008-1014) **__= = =

__**China's Search for Order**__ -During the first half of the 20th century, China was in revolutionary upheaval due to imperialist pressures; a 1911 revolution forced the child Xuantong emporer to abdicate, leaving Dr. Sun Yatsen to deal with the aftermath. A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a Indian nationalist who got public support for India's independence B. Organized a boycott of British goods and resistance to British rule Bal Gangadhar Tilak
 * Yellow Box: "Self Rule is My Birthright"**

A. Anarchy ensued after 1911 B. Warlords, old generals, and their troops took place as regional rulers; deteriorated China by not founding a stable central state, neglecting irrigation projects needed for farming, reviving the opium trade, protecting the opium trade, and allowing the/ decline of crucial economic investments; only things like post offices were run by the weak central government C. Another issue was foreign powers who enacted unfair treaties which permitted foreigners to intervene in Chinese society, and impaired China's power D.Through unequal treaties, foreign states still controlled economy of China A. After the Great War, nationalism rose among the young and intellectual, who expected the Paris Pace Conference to end the unfair treaties in China; instead, the Paris Peace conference approved more Japanese interfere B.Chinese intellectuals expected Paris Peace Conference to end treaty systemInstead, Paris treaties approved Japanese expansion into China C.May Fourth Movement: Chinese youths and intellectuals opposed to imperialist D.Some were attracted to Marxism and Leninism; CCP established in 1921 E. Chinese were angered leading to the May Fourth movement to end foreign imperialism F. Some Chinese became interested in Marxism as it was the antithesis of imperialism, and took the Soviet Union as an example G. The Chinese Communist Party, the CCP, was organized in Shanghai 1921, with an early Member being Mao Zedong (1893-1976) H. Mao Zedong supported women's equality Mao Zedong Propaganda
 * 1. The Republic**
 * 2. Chinese Nationalism**

A. The most prominent nationalist leader at the time, Sun Yatsen, did not want a communist dictatorship of the proletariat B. Ideology in //Three Principals of the People//: elimination of special privileges for foreigners, national reunification, economic development, and a democratic republic based on universal suffrage C. Built up his Nationalist People's Party, the Guomindang D. CCP members started to join, and by 1926, made up one third of the Guomindang E. Soviet leaders helped organize it Sun Yatsen
 * 3 Sun Yatsen**

A. After the death of Sun Yatsen in 1925, Jiang Jieshi became the leader of the Guomindang B. Jiang Jieshi was received trained as a general in Japan and the Soviet Union C. Jiang Jieshi launched the Northern Expansion (a political and military offensive aiming to unify and bring China under Guomindang rule) D. (1927) Jiang Jieshi ended his alliance with his communist allies (CCP) Jiang Jieshi
 * 4. Civil War**

__**Imperial and Imperialist Japan**__ A. Japan joined the League of Nations as one of the "big five" powers B. (1922) Japan agreed to the Washington Conference treaties with the United States that limited naval development, evacuated the Shangdong province of China, and guaranteed China's territorial integrity A. Japanese businesses profited from selling munitions and other goods to the Allies throughout the Great War B. (By 1918) Japan had rapid inflation and labor unrest that caused a series of recessions that would bring an economic slump caused by the Great Depression A. Political conflict emerged between internationalists, supports of western-style capitalism, and nationalists who were hostile to foreign influences B. Campaigns of assassinations targeted politcal and business leaders C. Prime minister Inukai Tsuyoshi (1855-1932) was murdered A. Chinese unification threatened Japanese interests in Manchuria B. (September 18, 1931) Japanese troops used explosives to blow up a few feet of the Japanese-built South Manchuria Railway (north of Mukden) C. The Japanese accused the Chinese of attacking their railroad D. Military, acting without civilian authority, took all Manchuria by 1932 A. League of Nations called for withdrawl of Japanese forces from Manchuria and restoration of Chinese sovereignty (in response to this, Japan left the League of Nations) B. The Great War and the Great Depression contributed to nationalist and political upheavals throughout Asia League of Nations Symbol
 * 1. Japan emerged from the Great War as a world power**
 * 2. Japan's Economy**
 * 3. Politics in Japan**
 * 4. The Mukden Incident**
 * 5. International Importance**

__Religions, Belief Systems, Philosophies, and Ideologies__ -Marxist ideas became popular in China and the Chinese Communist Party was formed with Mao Zedong as a main leader -Sun Yatsen wrote Three Pinciples of the People which called for the elimination of foreigners, national reunification, economic development, and a democratic republican government -Yatsen organized the Nationalist People's Party -Mao Zedong believed peasants were the key to a successful revolution
 * Development and Interaction of Cultures**

**State-building, Expansion, and Conflict**
__Political Structures and Forms of Governance__ -the unequal treaties guided Chinese relations with foreign countries that established a network of foreign control over the Chinese economy -after the fall of the Qing dynasty warlords, who were disaffected generals from the old imperial Chinese army, took over -1927 the central governmant in Nanjing declared the Guomindang the official government of the unified Chinese state

__Empires, Nations, Nationalism, Revolts, and Revolutions__ -the Qing empire fell during the 1900's due to many revolutions and nationalist uprisings -after the disappointment during the Peace Conference in Paris, all the social classes joined together to rid China of imperialism and establish national unity -Jiang Jieshi launched a political military offensive known as the North Expedition which sought to bring China under the Nationalist People's Party -in the 1930's China faced three major problems due to nationalists and other political parties -the Long March in 1935 caused many Chinese citizens to join the Communist party -Japan's failing economy in 1918 resulted in public unrest -a campaign called to assassinate Japan's ruler Inukai Tsuyoshi in 1932 -in 1931 Japanese forces tried to take Manchuria from China by blowing up part of the railroad there and blaming it on China

__Regional, Trans-regional, and Global Structures and Organizations__ -the warlords were provincial rulers

**Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems**
__Trade and Commerce__ -during the times of the Great Depression in the US, China's agrarion economy had a small industrial sector that was connected marginally the world economy -foreign trade items accounted for very small parts of the Chinese economy -Japan's limited involvement in the Great War gave a boost to their economy -this boost was shortlived as Japan experienced a Great Depression like period in their economy