Reformers+During+the+Industrial+Revolution+2


 * Chapter 30: The Making of Industrial Society pgs. 836-843 **

__ Global Effects of Industrializaion __
The Continuing Spread of Industialization >> 1. government hired thousands of foreign experts to instruct Japanese workers and managers to teach the techniques of modern industry >> 2. modernized iron foundries and dockyards established during the Tokugawa shogunate, founded new businesses, and opened schools and universities that specialized in scientific and technical fields 3. government support was responsible for the construction of railroads, the opening of mines, the organization of banking systems, and the establishment of mechanized industries producing ships, armaments, silk, cotton, chemicals, and glass 4. when businesses were able to operate on their own, the government sold them to private entrepreneurs, who often built huge industrial empires known as //zaibatsu// (wealthy cliques)- zaibatsu were similar to trusts and cartels that emerged in 19th century Europe and US but they most commonly operated around a single family 5. Zaibatsu usually operated and controlled companies in several industries. 6. by 1900 Japan was the most industrialized land in Asia and it was poised for dramatic economic and industrial expansion by the 20th century (because of active government encouragement and the organization of large-scale enterprises that operated efficiently)
 * 1) started as British, Western Europe and N American affair
 * 2) Russia and Japan industrailizing in late 19 cent
 * 3) Many lands with natural resources became oriented with exporting them, had little control over trade because represntatives of industrial contries dominated trade commercial and financialy
 * 4) some societies traditional industries and local economies where damaged with large amount of cheep foriegn goods
 * 1) Industrialization
 * 2) industry brought economic and military power
 * 3) 1870 Russia and japan start industrializing with government support
 * 4) wanted to strengthen societies against military and economic powers of U.S and western Europe
 * 5) Russia
 * 6) used railroads to link empire and promote industrialization
 * 7) went from 1860 1,100 km to 1900-58,0000 biggest being trans-Siberian line ( 1891-1904) over 9,000km
 * 8) stimulate coal, iron and steel industry + commercial link with East Asia
 * 9) Count Sergi Witte as finance minister ( 1892-1903) help boost industrialization
 * 10) oversaw railroads, reform commercial law, protect new industries, support steamships, and promote nautical + engineering schools, encourage foreign investors, establish savings banks
 * 11) by 1900 produced 1/2 worlds oil + fourth ranked steel production, big coal + iron, gov's need of weapons support huge armaments industry
 * 12) Japan

__** The International Division of Labor **__ A. (Before the mid-twentieth century) Industrialization had little success outside of Europe, North America, and Japan. A. Industrialization increased the demand for raw materials. B. Raw materials included minerals and agricultural products. C. Nonindustrialized societies became suppliers of raw materials. (Examples: Cotton came from India and Egypt; Rubber came from Brazil, Malaya, and the Congo River basin). D. The natural resources and agricultural products of Africa, the Americas, Australia, and eastern Europe were needed by British, European, United States industrialists. A. Economic development was better in the lands colonized by Europe. B. Canada, Argentina, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand were later industrialized. C. Specilization on and production of a few primary goods brought economic growth to industrial societies. D. Industrial societies were often high-wage economies. E. High-wage economies created flourishing markets and encouraged the invention of technologies that would decrease the number of laborers required. A. Latin Ameican, Sub-Saharan African, and south and southeast Asian lands exported primary crops(Examples: sugar, cotton, and rubber). B. Foreign owners set up plantations that produced these crops. C. Profits of the crops went all over the world. D. Workers on plantations received low wages. E. Free-trade policies were adopted, which allowed unrestricted entry of foreign manufacturers. F. The policies continued industrialization in foreign lands, but limited industrialization for native peoples. G. They also increased the amount of trade by sea and land.
 * 1. Industrialization **
 * 2.Demand for Raw Materials **
 * 3.Economic Development **
 * 4. Economic Dependency **

1730-1795 ** Life of josiah wedgewood ** 1733 ** John Kay develops flying shuttle ** 1765 ** James Watt patents an improved steam engine ** 1765-1825 ** Life of Eli Whitney ** 1779 ** Samuel Crompton develops the spinning mule ** 1785 ** Edmund Cartwright develops the power loom ** 1797 ** Eli Whitney introduces interchangeeable parts of the manufacturing process ** 1829 ** George Stephenson's locomotive, the rocket attains a speed of 45 kilometers per hour ** 1832 ** Reform bill expands electoral House of Commons ** 1833 ** Factory Act restricts employment of women and children in textile factories ** 1842 ** Mines Act restricts employment of women and children in mines ** 1848 ** Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles publish Manifesto of the communist party ** 1849-1915 ** Life of Sergei Witte ** 1851 ** Crystal Palace exhibition in London ** 1856 ** Bessemer converter developed ** 1913 ** Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to the manufacture of automobiles **
 * Time line **