The+Unification+of+Japan;+The+Tokugawa+Shogunate+and+Economic+and+Social+Change+(741-744)

**The Unification of Japan; The Tokugawa Shogunate and Economic and Social Change (741-744)**
By Sydney, Charles,

Tokugawa Shogunate A shogun is a military governor and sought to monopolize power. From 1100-1500 Shogun's ruled Japan through retainers who recieved political rights and large estates in exhange for military services. Overall the Emporer was just a figurehead with no real responsibilities Historians refer to the 16th century as the era of //sengoku// (the country of war) Torwards end of 1500's milatry leaders brought about the unification of the land.

Was established by the last chieftains,Tokugwa Ieyasu. The Tokugawa Dynasty lasted from 1600-1867 which was temporary replacement for the emperor's rule. Tokugawa Ieyasu establisted that military government and named it //bakufu// (tent government). The Shoguns needed control the daimyo (great names), powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary landholdings. In the ending of the //sengoku// era, cannons and perwonal firearms had played prominent roles in Japanese conflicts.
 * Tokaugwa Ieysa**

Shoguns instituted policy of "alternate attendance," which required daimyo to maintain their families at Edo (modern Tokyo) and spend every other year at the Tokugawa court. -This encouraged the Daimyo to focus their money on furnishings instead of building an army The Tokugawa shoguns controlled forign relations as closley as they could in an effort to maintain their traditions and security of the country.
 * Control of the Daimyo**

In the 1630's the shogun restricted foreign relations -To do this they issued a series of Edicts which did things such as restrict the size of ships that they could build, and not allowing Europeans within Japan's boarders. This even forbid Japan to import of Books from other countries. There were few numbers of Dutch and Chinese to be allowed in the port city of Nagasaki under heavy restrictions. In the 1640's the Portuguese ignored the regulations of trade with Japan, as a result 61 people lost their heads as a warning to other Europeans.
 * Control of Foreign Relations**

Economic and Social Change Economic growth had its roots in increased agricultural production ex: new crop strains, new methods of awter conrol and irrigation and use of fertilizer brought increased yields of rice, cotton, silk, indigo, and sake. During the seventeenth century the Japanese population rose by almost one-third.

Between 1700-1850 the population grew from 29,000,000 to 32,000,000 people. The Tokugawa era was an age of social as well as demographic change in Japan. During the 17th century large population growth caused great financial problems in Japan The ruling system was infuenced by the ideas of Confucian beliefs
 * Population Growth**

Peace of Japan undermined the authority of ruling elites The daimyo had the responsibility of dealing with local affairs Eventually The Tokugawa stopped training as many armed officials, and instead they began to focus on gaining power within the original system of government Many elites fell into a state of debt. Other countries who traded with japan became very wealthy By 1700 the population of Edo reached almost 1 million
 * Social Change**

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