B+-+Challenges+of+Development+-+Africa+Seeks+a+Better+Future

Jenna, Karlye, Taylor
 * Group 7- Chapter 21**
 * Section 1**

development- the process of building a stronger and more advanced economy and creating higher living standards developing world- nations working toward development literacy- ability to read and write traditional economies- economies that rely on habit, custom, or tradition and tend not to change over time green revolution- increased agricultural products with new tools and methods fundamentalists- religious leaders call for a return to what they see as the fundamental, or basic, values of their faiths shantytowns- slums of flimsy shacks
 * Key terms**

Nations known as the developing world included Africa, Asia, and Latin America were working on improving agriculture and industry. This was a big change for the people lived in traditional economies. Traditional economies limited competition and the range of consumer. Most people were farmers or craftsmen, who only made enough to support their families. European colonists introduced market economies to promote the sale of European products. Now that the government is coontrolling businesses and farming people got huge loans from the bank. They had trouble paying off their loans and lenders from the global north required them to make changes so that they could pay it off. Also, in the 1950s, commercially improved farming methods making it cheaper than the traditional methods. But, only the big landowners could afford these new tools. As a result, prices forcrops dropped much less than what the traditoinal farmers needed, which forced them to sell there land and move to the city. Q: Why did foreign lenders push developing nations to adapt market economies? A: So that they could sell their products to them.
 * Developing Strong Economies**

Even with improvements in agriculture and businesses, people were still in poverty and the problems associated with it. Population was growing rapidly and parents could not afford to provide for them. About 35,000 children died each year from starvation and disease. Before families were forced to move to the city, children were depended on to work on the farms. But since they cannot do that they must work at low-paying manufacturing jobs. Most developing nations rely on one main export to help the economy, and if this product does not sell, the whole country will suffer. Q: What factors trap people in the developing world in a cycle of poverty? A: Not being able to work at well paying jobs to support their family.
 * Obstacles to Development**

The move from traditional ways of life brought many new opportunities for women. Men were more likely to have a better education than women, but now it has narrowed. In growing numbers women are entering the workforce. African, Asian, and Latin American nations people flooded into cities, like Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Maumbai India to find jobs. Many people often settle in shantytowns because there's no money and few jobs. Shantytowns are very gross and crowded. They have bad running water, electricity, and sewers. Q: Why have people moving to cities had to settle in shantytowns? A: Because they had no money and there were very few jobs.
 * Patterns of Life Change**

socialism- a system in which the government controls parts of the economy desertification- a change from fertile land to desert. urbanization- movement of people from rural areas to cities endangered species- species threatened with extinction Wangari Maathai- environmental activist that challenged the government policy by starting the Green Belt Movement. sustainable development-economic development that aims to provide lasting well-being for future generations rather than short-term gains
 * Section 2**
 * Key terms**

They wanted to raise their standards of living. To do this, African nations had to establish industries, build transportation systems, develop resources, increase literacy, and solve problems off rural poverty. Many of them didn't have much money to do this so they had to make decisions on how to run their countries. Socialism or Capitalism? Many new independent nations chose socialism. They wanted to end foreign influence on their economies. Socialist governments made large bureaucracies, mostly they were inefficient. The other people relied on Capitalism, they had more efficient economies. Countries had once been able to feed their own people now they had to import food. Low prices discouraged local farmers from growing food crops. Governments had to help support with government spending. Q: Why did governments promote the growth off cash crops? A: Governments sought to increase earnings that could fund development by growing cash crops for export.
 * Making Economic Choices**

A developing Africa faced many changes including rapid growth, disease and migration and people moving from rural areas to cities. This movement of people damaged wildlife and environments. In 1900 droughts contributed to famine in parts of Africa. Also AIDS killed millions in Africa and it took a toll on on the country. AIDS is Aquired Immune Deficiency syndrome and it comes from HIV. In much of West Africa the growth of the cities has helped the women. Urbanization helped women have more opportunities and it also helped different ethnic groups come together. Urbanization in Africa destroyed 70% of Africa's animal habitat and created many endangered species. Many environmental activist came together to change the habitat including Wangari Maathai who started the Green Belt Movement. Q: What were some advantages and disadvantages of urbanization in Africa? A: Starvation and drought were caused because the farmers were overgrazing their land. Cultures were coming together. Also the urbanization destroyed animals habitats.
 * Facing Obstacles to Well-Being**

The population of people had always been very poor and 50% of the people lived below the poverty line. When Tanzania gained independence most of the people were herders or farmers. They created Africaian Socialism hoping to make their economy better. The Government took over ba nks and businesses, they also encouraged farmers to collectives their land. The goal was to increase output and sell for export. But this experiment failed and Tanzania plunged into great debt. But in 1985 a new leader was came to power and he introduced new reforms and encouraged foreign investment. But today Tanzania is still agricultural but half of there GDP comes from output. In 2000 they opened a gold mined so they received a huge economic boost. Q: What economic experience did Tanzania try after independence and why? A:They tried to have a government control economy but it did not work very well. They used this method because it worked for many other countries. Then when this did not work they introduced different economic reforms that did works.
 * Tanzania**

AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infections. 30 years ago AIDS never exsisted. The first cases were discovered in 1981, and 30 million people have died from this illness since then. In 1999 and 2000 more people died from AIDS in Africa than in all the wars on the continent. Aids affects different segments of society in different ways. For example, children may have to care for an ill parent, or become orphans as a parents suffers with AIDS. No official cure has been found to treat this illness.
 * AIDS**

http://www.globalissues.org/article/90/aids-in-africa