Iberian+Empires+in+the+Americas+and+Settlers+in+the+Colonies+(670-675)+2

=Iberian Empires in the Americas and Settlers in the Colonies (670-675)=

=__Iberian Empires in the Americas__=

Spanish Colonial Administration

 * 2 main centers of power in Americas: Mexico (New Spain) and Peru (New Castile)
 * 1535: Founded Lima, which replaced Cuzco as capital of Peru; transferred government to coast where it was accessible to Spanish shipping
 * Viceroys: Kings representatives in Americas
 * //Audiencias:// Worked for king to make sure viceroys didn't build too much power

New Cities

 * Built more cities when more migrants came; bureaucratic control

Portuguese Brazil

 * 1494: Spain and Portugal signed Treaty of Tordesillas; divided world along N-S line west of Azores and Cape Verde Islands
 * Spain could claim any land W of line not under Christian rule, Portugal E of line
 * Portugal got Brazil, Spain got rest of western hemisphere
 * Portuguese king gave out land to Portuguese nobles so they would develop the land; Brazil became more important when sugar plantations became more profitable

Colonial American Society

 * Migrants came to cities of Iberian empires that followed European society
 * Others adapted to indigenous way of life

=__Settler Colonies in North America__=

Foundation of Colonies

 * Started to establish colonies
 * Life was very difficult, they didn't expect to grow crops and relied on provisions sent from Europe
 * They would often have food shortages and rely on indigenous people or went to extremes to feed themselves

Colonial Government

 * The way of life is more independent compared to South American
 * Colonies had no viceroys or audiencias
 * Instead they had input in the government

Relations with Indigenous Peoples

 * They didn't have precise territory but migrated between regions
 * Turned forest lands into places to grow and harvest crops
 * The fertile land attracted more migrants
 * Native peoples used the land for hunting, but the migrants tried to legally claim the land
 * Migrants didn't realize that hunting was a way of life for the Native peoples instead of a pastime

Conflict

 * Settlers clashed with Native peoples when they went on their hunting grounds
 * Native people would attack the settlers' communities
 * So the settlers would destroy fields and villages
 * Disease and conflict reduced indigenous population