B+-+Security+in+a+Dangerous+World+-+Advances+in+Science+and+Technology

**__ Security in a dangerous world (753-757) __**
The Cold War built up a lot of global tension. Many countries built up many nuclear weapons for defense.

**__ Modern weapons- __**
Even thought the cold war had ended, the U.S. and Russia still had all of the nuclear weapons they made. In 1968 The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty was signed by Russia, U.S. and 60 other nations ensuring that Nuclear weapons did not Proliferate, or rapidly spread, to nations that had no nuclear weapons. When the USSR collapsed the remaining weapons were proven hard to not be mishandled. Russia didn't have the funds to dismantle or secure the materials properly. U.S. and Europe have been funding Russia to help them secure these nuclear weapons. In the 1990's the U.S. signed several treaties reducing their nuclear and other weapons.



**__ Terrorism- __**
During WW2 and much of the 1900s, weapons of mass destruction (WMD's) were used in many wars. After WW2 however, many terrorist groups began to use them for their own purposes. Also small countries would have them for defense and to threat their neighboring countries or nations. Terrorist goals range from releasing political prisoners, to gaining territory. Sometimes these groups were funded by governments. They don's always achieve their goals, but they do inflict fear among many people.

**__ War on terrorism- __**
Al Qaeda's attack on the U.S. shook up the whole globe. Other governments started to question their allies, and own abilities to keep their citizens safe. The U.S. Developed a new Homeland security, and more security measures at airports and buldings. Fighting terrorism became a major new issue. In response to these attacks and not surrendering the terrorists in Afghanistan and Islam, the U.S. attacked Afghanistan. Many of the Al Qaeda's terrorists went into hiding. U.S. Later declared war on Iraq.



__** Breakthoughs in Medicine **__
Many advances in medicine were made. Dr. Jonas Salk invented the Salk Vaccine which was used to prevent the deadly disease of polio which affected thousands of children and adults including Franklin D. Roosevelt. Many other doctors created many other vaccines to help prevent the spread of smallpox and many other diseases. Many other medical advances were made in things such as surgery. The the 1970's surgeons learned to transplant organs, including the human heart, which saved lives. Lasers (a high-energy light beam) made many types of surgery safer and more precise. They were also used to repair tissues and organs and were even used to treat some cancers and disease that affected the global population. Science and technology have revolutionized our understanding of the human body and other forms of life on this planet. Developments in medicine and biotechnology ( the application of biological research to industry, engineering and technology) created new ways to fight battles and diseases.



**__ Exploring and Making use of Space __**
By the Second half of the 20th century there were few places on earth that people had not begun to explore. Space was known as the "Final Frontier" an unknown place filled with opportunities.

**__ The Space Race Begins __**
Rockets (vehicles that are vehicles propelled by the ejection of burning gasses from the rear of the rocket) Robert Goddard believed that liquid powered rockets had the potential to put a man on the moon. During the cold war the United States and the Soviet Union competed with each other to build the biggest and best rocket propelled weapons and rockets for space exploration. The space race began when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik (the very first artificial satellite). The United States Apollo program landed a man on the moon. Both superpowers also explored the military uses of space and sent spy satellites to orbit the earth. Since the cold war the United States and Russia have worked together in space exploration.



**__ The Computer Revolution __**
The invention of the computer in the 20th century caused a huge information revolution. Very few aspects of modern life remain untouched by computers. Computers ran businesses and power plants, help scientists conduct research, and when connected to satellites, made global communication possible. They created the "Information Age."

__** The Internet **__
In the early 1970's various branches of the U.S. government along with groups of American universities led the effort to link computer systems toghether via cables and satellites. By the 1990's the "Internet" or "World Wide Web" was well established, again revolutionizing information technology. Using the internet a person can instantly communicate with others around the world. The same person can also instantly access vast storehouses of information of all sorts. By 2000, the internet had grown to a gigantic network, linking individuals, governments, and businesses around the world. E-commerce or buying and selling on the internet, contributed to economic growth. The internet also began to shape life in developing nations.

**__ Chapter 22 Section 4 __**

 * Proliferate**- When something rapidly spreads.


 * Terrorism**- The use of violence, especially against civilians, by groups of extremists.


 * Al Queda**- One powerful islamic fundamentalist group, means "the Base" in Arabic.


 * Afghanistan**- Where Osama Bin Laden and other Al Queda leaders lived.


 * Taliban**- Islamic fundamentalist group who refused to surrender to terrorists.

The purpose of the treaty was to ensure that nuclear weapons did not proliferate, or rapidly spread, to nations that had no nuclear weapons.
 * 1) What was the purpose of the NPT?**

It is one powerful Islamic fundamentalist group, which means "the Base" in Arabic.
 * 2) What is Al Queda?**

The Al Queda fundamentalist group landed a terrorist attack on the United States and took down the twin towers killing thousands of people.
 * 3) Why did the United States invade Afghanistan?**

**__ Chapter 22 Section 5 __**

 * Artificial Satellite**- Man made object that orbits the Earth


 * ISS**- Supposed to be completed in 2010 and will be used as a lab for scientists to study outer space.


 * PC**- Personal computer used at work and in the individuals home. More efficient way of completing work.


 * Internet**- Allows a person to communicate with others around the world.


 * Biotechnology**- Used to find new ways o prevent and cure diseases.


 * Laser**- Made surgery safer and more precise then it was before.


 * Genetics**- Is the Study of genes and heredity.


 * Genetic Engineering**- manipulation of genes to enhance its properties.

Its is a lab. Scientists will be able to use it to study outer space in outer space. They will be able to conduct research and hopefully be able to develop new space related technology.
 * 1) What is the ISS and what is its importance?**

It has helped people make their lives easier and gave scientists and researchers the ability to predict things quicker and easier.
 * 2) What impact have PC's had on peoples lives?**

Life expectancies have increased due to the increased study in medicine and agriculture.
 * 3) How have Scientific advances affected peoples standard of living?**