A+-+The+End+of+the+Cold+War+-+Conflicts+Divide+Nations+-+Industrialized+Nations+After+the+Cold+War

= Conflicts Divide Nations = __ **ethnic religious conflicts** __ //**War in Sri Lanka**// was a conflict between multiple ethnic groups, the Sinhalese Buddhists was the dominant religion. It excluded Hindu Tamils from power causing a bloody civil war. The war started in July 23, 1983 there was an on-and-off insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), a separatist militant organization which fought to create an independence Tamil state named Tamil Eelam the north and the east of the island. After a 26 year long military campaign, the [|Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009], bringing the civil war to an end from this war 80,000~100,000 were estimated killed in the process.




 * Avoiding war in Canada**

In Canada the population was majorly English speaking but in the past french speaking people in the provinces of Quebec felt that Canada's government treated them unfairly some wonted Quebec to become independent while others used democratic means to increase the governments support for french language and culture for Quebec. In 1995 Quebec citezens voted to remain in Canada overall democratic forms of government has helped to prevent conflict.


 * Northern Ireland's troubles**

In 1922 after winning there independence there difficulties began. The 6 northern countries, which were Protestant, voted to remain part of Britain as ** Northern Ireland **. Minority Catholics in Northern Ireland faced economic and political discrimination. Many Catholics demanded civil rights and unification with the rest of Ireland. In the beginning of the 1960s extremists from both sides turned to violence and terrorism, in result IRA (Irish Republic Army) attacked protestants and in return the armed protestant militia targeted the Catholics. Finally, in 1998 Protestants and Catholics signed a piece accord known as the** Good Friday Agreement **


 * War ravages Chechnya **

Ethnic and religous minorities in several former Soviet republics fought for freedom from domination by the republics' majorities. In Azerbaijan ethnic Armenians declared independence for the region of Nagorno-Karabakh where they are the majority. Fighting between Azerbaijan forces and the Armenians left thousands dead. Probably the most fiercest conflict in the Soviet Union would be the stuggle of Muslim Chechen nationalist trying to free their homeland of Chechnya form Russian control. Sadly Russia crushed the Chechen revolt in the mid 1990's, killing huge numbers of civilians. In 1999 a new fight broke out. Russian troops won the control of Grozny, the capital of Chechnya and in 2000 Russian troops faught the rebellion of Chechnya in the southern mountains. Some Chechens resorted to terriorsts attacks in Russia. Russia charged that Chechen rebels were linked to many other Muslim terrorist plots.

**Yugoslavia breaks apart**

In the 1990's, ethnic, nationilsts, and religious tensions tore Yugoslavia apart. Like many other countrys Yugoslavia was multiethnic, made up of many different ethnicities, the groups were made up of Serbs, Montenegrins, and Macedonians. Yugoslavia was made up of 6 republics similar to the United States. These were Solvenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia. These having there own ethnic groups.


 * Republic breaks away**

The fall of communism lead to nationalist unrest threw out Yugoslavia the serbs try to invade and take controll of Yugoslavia but in 1991 slovenia and croatia declaired independence causing fights to break out. Soon after Bos

nia and macedonia delcaired independence by 1992 Yugoslavia was left with serbia and montenegro.


 * Civil war devestates Bosnia** the fighting between serbs and croats in croatia spread to neighboring countries like Bosnia. During the war both Bosnia and Serbia conducted various campains of what they called ETHNIC CLEANSING( which means killing people from other ethnic groups or forcibly removing them from there homes to convien a pure single ethnic area). In which thousands of Croats and Bosniaks were killed leading a revenge campain to Serbs. Finaly natos airstrikes agains Bosnians and the Serbs millitary forced the warried parties to sign a dayton accords to end the war in 1995.

**The fight for Kosovo** as Bosnia peace a crises broke out and the Serbians province for Kosovo. 90% of the Kosovo population is made up of albanians rest were Serbians. In 1980 Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic extream nationilst that begain opressing Kosovar and the Albanians. Peaceful protest led to more repression in the mid 1900's small gorilla armies of albinean begain to respond with armed attacks on Serbian targets that leads the president rejected international peace efforts in 1990 nato launched a air strike against serbian.



In 1990 the division of Germany ended and the country was unified once again. The unification brought national pride to both sides but the weak economy of the east side caused concern. When the communist-era factories were closed unemployment rose on the east side. Fears of a further weakened economy arose with the withdrawal of U.S. troops in 2004. Even with all the concerns over the economy, Germany still remained a strong European leader.
 * Germany Reunifies**


 * European Union**

Some Europeans were worried about the overall economy of the EU because of the weaker economies of the former communist controlled countries. Other Europeans are worried about the changing religious demographics of the EU. They are concerned that if the EU changes too much too quickly, it will be less stable.


 * North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)**

As the Eastern European nations transitioned into capitalist states, most wanted to join NATO. Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined in 1999. In 2002, a NATO-Russia council was set up. As Europe changed, NATO decided that its purpose should be of a peacekeeper and protector of human rights. During the 1990s, NATO sent peacekeepers to Bosnia and Kosovo.


 * Russia**

When the Soviet Union collapsed, Russia struggled to recover economically. They attempted to privatize many industries and collective farms but the condition of the economy continued to get worse. Criminal activity began to run out of control and the government did little to try to stop it. In 1998, Russia defaulted on much of its foreign debt. High inflation and the collapse of its currency caused many banks and businesses to close.

In 2000, Vladimir Putin was elected president and projected to strengthen Russia into a strong market economy. He was also able to secure a consulting status with NATO. Many people did not like how Putin was increasing the power of the government and reducing the citizen's civil rights.




 * United States **

At the end of the Cold War, The U.S. emerged as the world's only remaining superpower. During the 1990s, the presidents began operations to bring peace to many areas around the globe. The economy of the U.S. supported the global economy during much of the 1990s but going into the 2000s the economy began to swing up and down. Slow economic growth and rising military costs caused the budget deficit that the country is still currently struggling to reduce.


 * The Pacific Rim**

The Pacific Rim consists of the regions of nations that border the Pacific Ocean. This area became a vital link for world trade. By the 1990s the volume of trade in the Pacific was greater than that of the Atlantic Ocean. This region is still continuing to grow as more trade routes are being calculated.


 * The Asian Tigers and Japan**

Japan had dominated the Asian Pacific Rim for decades. After World War II, Japan had rebuilt itself into an economic powerhouse through the use of Western economics. By the 1990s, Japan began to suffer from an economic downturn. As Japan suffered, many of its neighbors were growing economically. These countries included Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea. These countries all differ in culture and history but they all quickly modernized and industrialized. These countries earned the nickname of the "Asian Tigers" because of their economic success. They began by exporting textiles and then later moved on to higher priced exports such as Electronics. Their growth was able to flourish because of the sacrifices workers made for the country.