Group+2+-+The+Quest+for+Political+Stability;+The+Qing+Dynasty+and+The+Son+of+Heaven+(727-731)+2

= Group 2 - The Quest for Political Stability; The Qing Dynasty and The Son of Heaven (727-731) = By: Erin, Bryce and Dellante

**__ The Qing Dynasty [[image:20080217-Qing%2020dynas20map%20st%20martin[1].jpg align="right"]] __**
===a) The Manchus ===
 * After the Ming Dynasty Manchus came in to China clamed northern land and formed the Qing Dynasty
 * The Qing Dynasty lasted from 1644-1911
 * Qing Dynasty started in today’s northern Korea and expanded in to Northern China and past the great wall in to Southern China by the 1750s
 * Qing Dynasty was formed mainly because of Manchus militaries
 * Manchus where learned in Chinese languages and Confucianism, but kept their ethnic and cultural ideals.

b) Kangxi and His Reign

 * Kangxi was a Confucian scholar and very smart ruler who helped the Manchus control China.
 * Over saw growth and conquering of Qing Dynasty
 * His grandson Qianlong took over his power and continued to conquer lands to expanded the Qing dynasty

__** The Son of Heaven and the Scholar-Bureaucrats **__
===a) The Son of Heaven ===
 * Emperor Hongwu
 * Human being designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on earth
 * Individuals with the rare priveledge to see the emperor had to perform kowtow (3 kneelings and 9 head knockings)
 * Those who gave offense, faced severe punishment
 * Even some of the high officials were flogged, sometimes to the point of death

===b) The Scholar-Bureaucrats ===
 * ====== Were well educated men who performed day to day governing of the empire, you might become a Scholar-Bureaucrat if are part of the scholar-gentry and had academic degrees, received by passing the Civil Service Examination ======
 * ======<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Civil Service Examination where based off of the teaching of Confucianism ======
 * ======<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Men dominated the political and social life at the time ======

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">c) Civil Service Examination

 * ====== <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Civil Service Examination- were tests given to men and male students to see if their level of knowledge was high enough to be considered a Scholar-Bureaucrat and earn degrees ======
 * ====== <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Consisted of many Essay’s and you would end by getting a degree if you passed the test/tests ======

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">d)The Examination System and Chinese Society

 * ====== <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Earning degrees was sign of bureaucratic service. ======
 * ====== <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Degrees did not always ensure government status for all, instead many became tutor teachers ======
 * ====== <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Examination System inspired people to become even more learned and pursue formal educations and inspired more social mobility ======
 * ====== <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Examination where expensive making it easier for the rich to go to and participate in the exams ======
 * ====== <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Confucianism was the main part of Chinese education, Confucianism “Governs the State” ======