Reformers+During+the+Industrial+Revolution

**Global Effects of Industrialization** Global Effects of Industrialization By Nathan Duff, Sean Nordgren, Christian Donohue, Kiernan Mullin
 * Make sure someone starts the five themes, everyone can add on at the end.**


 * Continuing the Spread of Industrialization beyond Europe and North America (Sean Nordgren) **
 * Industrialization in Russia was promoted by the Tsarist government. In North America and Western Europe, industrialization was already far ahead of what Russia has accomplished. This changed. Between 1860 and 1900, Russia built around 35,000 miles of railroad; the most impressive being the trans-Siberian[[image:apworldhistorywiki/trans_siberian_railway_route.jpg width="163" height="115" align="right"]] railroad which stretched over 5,600 miles. The Russian finance minister, Sergei Witte, promted industry. As a result of this he oversaw the construction of the trans-Siberian, reformed commercial law to protect industries and steamship companies, promoted nautical and engineering schools, and encouraged foreign investors. By 900 Russia was in the midst of industrializing. In this period, Russia produced half of the world's oil, and also has significant iron and armaments production. (S.N.) **


 * Industrialization of Japan (Nathan Duff) **
 * Imperial authorities pushed industrialization in Japan as well. The government hired thousands of experts to teach the Japanese workers new techniques of modern industry. Government support was responsible for the construction of railroads, the organization of a banking system, silk, cotton, glass, and the establishment of mechanized industries producing ships. When businesses were able to operate on their own and become a success, the government would often sell them to private entrepreneurs, who often grew the business into an industrial empire. These were known as zaibatsu ("wealthy cliques"). These were often owned and operated by a single family. By 900, due to all the large-scale enterprises that operated efficiently, Japan was the most industrialized land in Asia.**


 * The International Division of Labor (CD) **
 * The great economic and military strength of those societies who were industrialized influenced other societies to work toward industrialization. Societies needed minerals, agricultural products, and other raw materials from sometimes distant regions of the world. So, they had representatives search the globe for raw materials to supply their factories. European countries imported sugar, spices,tobacco, tea, coffee, cotton, and other products mostly grown on plantations. As the population increased, so did the demands for these products. But, there was also demand for other products as British, European, and U.S. industrialists sought the natural resources of Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and eastern Europe. **

**Economy Development and Dependency (KM)**
 * Spedialization in the production and export of primary goods cleared the path for econoic development and eventually industrialization. This was very noticable in lands that were settled by European colonies. These societies were also high-wage economies. High incomes fostered economic development in two countries, Germany and Britain. Because of Witte's efforts, Russia had huge coal and iron industrustries, and the demand of weapons by the government also supported a massive armaments industry. Imperial authorities pushed industrialization in Japan as well. Japan hired thousands of foreign experts to help in techniques of modern industry. Government support was responsible for the construction of railroads, opening of mines, organization of a banking system, etc. Governments sold buisnesses that could operate on their own to private entreprenurs, who built huge industrial empires known as zaibatsu ("wealthy cluques"). Zaibatsu often controlled several industries. **

**Social and Culture Interactions**
 * Five Themes **
 * During this period of industrialization, Russia and Japan changed dramatically socially and culturally. For example, instead of having artisans and specialized craft skills, people were drawn to the machines that increased production significantly. By doing this they quit their traditional practices of trades like pottery and textile making, and traded that in for operating more efficient machines. (S.N.)**

**Interaction Between Humans and the Environment**

 * With urbanization and industrialization rising, Earth's minerals are starting to deplete. Newly built factories and industries had a poor effect on the environment as they caused pollution.(KM)**

**State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict**

 * Japan expanded many aspects of their civilization. Japan's government was responsible for the construction of railroads, the production of silk, cotton, glass, and the establishment of mechanized industries producing ships. Also Russia constructed the** **trans-Siberian, reformed commercial law to protect industries and steamship companies, promoted nautical and engineering schools. (ND) **